persistence of vision


the retention of a visual image for a short period of time after the removal of the stimulus that produced it: the phenomenon that produces the illusion of movement when viewing motion pictures.


This theory has been discussed by many people, some examples of people would be Ptolemy, Lucretius and Issac Newton were among some people who talked about this theory


Around CE 165 Ptolemy described in his book Optics a rotating potter's wheel with different colours on it. He noted how the different colours of sectors mixed together into one colour and how dots appeared as circles when the wheel was spinning very fast.




Issac Newton ( 1642-1726) purportedly demonstrated how white light is a combination of different colours with a rotating disc with colour segments. when spinning fast the colours seem to blend and appear as white.




Examples of devices used to show the Persistence of vision are shown below


 
This device was created by John Ayrton Paris 1824 which he described in his educational book in 1827.  The device as shows uses spinning of the string to create a fast motion between the two images on each side of the card making the illusion of both images being one.




William George Horner thought up a cylindrical variation in 1834. The device is used by placing a circular paper which a series of images in which spun and looking at a certain angle will create a constant motion with each image. 



created in France in 1877 by Charles-Émile Reynaud similar to the zoetrope this device uses mirrors to reflect the image to the viewers eye from a different angle and as the base is spun the images on top are shown on the mirror.





the device was created around 1832 by Joseph Plateau and Simon Stampfer. The device is used by spinning the item so the wheel shape moves around including the image creating the spiral illusion and motion is made.


This device was created by Eadweard Muybridge in 1888 New Jersey. The device much like a proctor used a series of film which multiple images which are spun within view of the peephole creating a film like motion to the viewer.